Mistä A-englannin ylioppilaskokeen kirjallisen osan tekstit tulevat? Minkälaisia niiden pitää olla? Tekstien pitää erotella vuosittain kevät ja syksy mukaan lukien n. 30 000 hyvää englanninosaajaa (eli Arvoisat ABIt). Tämä asettaa teksteille aika kovat vaatimukset.
Yo-tekstien sanastollinen taso on oppikirjojen tekstien yläpuolella, sillä lukiokirjojen tekstit eivät riitä erottelemaan kokelaita. Tulet siis kohtaamaan yo-teksteissä sanastoa, fraaseja, sanontoja ja rakenteita, joita koulukursseissa ei ole ollut. Tekstit eivät kuitenkaan saa olla kikkailevia. Kielen pitää olla tarkkaa ja jämptiä ja enkku pystyy tietenkin vastaamaan tällaiseen haasteeseen. Maailman laatujournalismi tarjoaa tällaista materiaalia päätyökseen, joten luontevia tekstien lähteitä ovat globaalille yleisölle tarkoitetut julkaisut.
Huomaamme, että kunkin kokeen tekstit on poimittu artikkeleista, jotka ovat pääosin ilmestyneet noin puolitoista vuotta ennen kokeen pitopäivää. Huomioimme myös, että kokeen laatijat (keitä se ovatkaan) ovat vaihtuneet hiljattain. Edelleen huomioimme, että tekstejä otetaan nykyään lyhyempinä ja useammasta lähteestä kuin ennen.
Sanasto teksteissä on tietenkin muodollista eikä kovin arkipäiväistä. Kannattaa siis tietää konkreettisten sanojen lisäksi muodollisempaa ja abtraktimpaa versiota tutuistakin asioista ja käsitteistä. Laajan ja monipuolisen sanavaraston hankkiminen edesauttaa osaamista kielen kaikilla osa-alueilla eikä vähiten tekstinymmärtämisen kanssa. Hanki siis uusia sanoja tajuntaasi kaikin mahdollisin keinoin. Altistu kielelle.
Jos haluat saada käsityksen siitä, minkälaista tekstimateriaalia tulevassa kokeessa voisi mahdollisesti olla, googlaa itsesi vaikkapa alla olevien toimijoiden sivustoille ja lue sieltä artikkeleita. Tätä varmempia tärppejä voit tuskin saada.
The Economist, The Oprah Magazine, National Geographic, Scientific American, Harward Business Review, Country Living, Time, Newsweek, New Scientist, Good Housekeeping, Psychology Today, BBC History Magazine
Maxxin sanastonharjoittelusivulle on koottu monentasoista sanastoa ja fraseologiaa. Asu siellä ja altistu materiaaleille, niin kehitystä varmasti tapahtuu. Or your money back.
Opitko sanastoa helposti kertanäkemisellä? Jos kuulut tähän vähemmistöön, täällä on paljon enkun vastakohtapareja ja täällä sanoille synonyymeja.
Katsele ja lue netistä artikkeleita. BBC, CNN ja muut uutissivustot ovat täynnä ajankohtaisuutta (josta sinulla on varmaan jo taustatietoa – tiedostava nuori kun olet) ja paljon muuta sinua kiinnostavaa löytyy tietenkin hakemalla. Kaikki kielen kanssa hästääminen on sitä tavoiteltavaa kielelle altistumista ja kun hästää, niin kehitystä tapahtuu.
Lue vaikka Ted Gioian artikkeli somesovellusten addiktoivasta vaikutuksesta (jos siis uskallat) ja vielä Hesarin raportti samasta artikkelista ja pystyt heittämään tarvittaessa hienoa kommenttia aikamme vitsauksesta.
Sähköisen kokeen osioiden lähteet vaihtelevat suuresti. Jos haluat saada käsitystä sivustoista, joita on käytetty kokeissa ja samalla käsitystä kielen tasosta, jota kokeissa esiintyy, klikkaile alla olevia linkkejä ja googlaile muita lähteitä.
A-englannin ylioppilaskokeiden kirjallisen osan tekstit ja kuuntelumateriaalit tulevat näistä lähteistä:
Syksy 2023
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Source: YTL.
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,_Laubeuf_Fjord,_Webb_Island.JPG){kind=link}
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Source: Archaeology Students Working at an Excavation Site with Wheelbarrows and Spades. University of Southampton. https://www.southampton.ac.uk/study/subjects/archaeology. Published: 2022. Accessed: 27.8.2022.
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Source: YTL.
Source: YTL.
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Kevät 2023
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Source: YTL.
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Source: YTL.
Source: YTL.
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Source: YTL. Image created at wordclouds.com.
Source: Izbighy, Štefan Michal-Vörös. Still Life with Pumpkins and Cucumbers. Slovak national gallery. Europeana. https://api.europeana.eu/thumbnail/v2/url.json?size=w400&type=IMAGE&uri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webumenia.sk%2Fdielo%2FSVK%3ASNG.O_3844%2Fstiahnut. Accessed: 20.1.2022. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: GadgetsGuy, GalaxyOptimus, Upwinxp. Wikimedia Commons. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/No_smartphones.png. Accessed: 20.1.2022. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: YTL
Syksy 2022
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Source: 100 Voices of the North, pt. III – The beauty of Joiks. Curiously Polar. http://curiouslypolar.com/curiouslypolar/show/cp100. Published: 19.5.2020. Accessed: 22.2.2021. Adaptation: YTL.
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Source: Art Beyond Sight. http://www.artbeyondsight.org/mei/verbal-description-training/samples-of-verbal-description/#paintings. Accessed: 6.5.2021. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: National Geographic. https://media.nationalgeographic.org/assets/photos/569/648/ 2adb092b-1726-4e56-a0dd-30056756ddae.jpg. Accessed: 18.3.2021.
Source: Virus 101. ABC. https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/greatmomentsinscience/16-09-viruses/13237294. Published: 16.3.2021. Accessed: 18.3.2021. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: pch.vector. People Sitting in Waiting Room of Medical Clinic. Freepik. https://image.freepik.com/free-vector/people-sitting-waiting-room-medical-clinic-flat-illustration_74855-17095.jpg. Published: 1.6.2021. Accessed: 22.8.2021.
Source: YTL.
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Source: Damian Carrington. Climate crisis: Scientists spot warning signs of Gulf Stream collapse. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/aug/05/climate-crisis-scientists-spot-warning-signs-of-gulf-stream-collapse. Published: 5.8.2021. Accessed: 20.8.2021. Adaptation: YTL.
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Kevät 2022
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Source: YTL.
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Syksy 2021
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Source: YTL.
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Source: YTL.
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Kevät 2021
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Source: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/80/70/60/80706079c59b2adb7ee333fcaeb4cbc8.jpg. Accessed: 21.1.2020.
Source: https://i.rmbl.ws/s8/1/3/o/i/u/3oiua.OvCc.1-small-Puppy-Climbs-Stairs-For-The.jpg. Accessed: 21.1.2020.
Source: https://cdn.aarp.net/content/dam/aarp/money/budgeting_savings/2019/12/1140-three-women-pose-for-birthday-selfie.imgcache.rev5228f77f118787d42dff3df218aade72.jpg. Accessed: 21.1.2020.
Source: https://www.coventrydental.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/happy-couple.jpg. Accessed: 21.1.2020.
Source: https://happytoothnc.com/tmj-exercises/. Accessed: 8.1.2020. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: https://www.yahoo.com/news/waiting-1-start-saving-retirement-181500763.html. Accessed: 21.1.2020. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AAGhf6A.img?h=0&w=720&m=6&q=60&u=t&o=f&l=f&x=1069&y=494. Accessed: 21.1.2020. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: Mark Smith. Fantastic Man issue nr 28. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: The national core curriculum for upper secondary education, 2019. Abridged from the unofficial translation draft of the subject physical education, 2020.
Source: https://www.statista.com/statistics/873120/share-of-people-reading-books-in-finland/. Accessed: 13.2.2020.
Source: https://www.statista.com/statistics/873340/time-spent-reading-books-in-finland/. Accessed: 13.2.2020.
Source: https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS0QnWXimUe4OR0ksPaQeTG_3UwDAMHWKf9nI2SQGVxOAqJdSuI0Q. Accessed: 27.11.2019.
Source: http://www.atlas-games.com/images/FTG_toad.png. Accessed: 27.11.2019.
Source: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/content/dam/Travel/2017/March/fairytale-Neuschwanstein%20Castle.jpg. Accessed: 27.11.2019.
Source: https://markkuperala.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/56112-rumpelstiltskin-once-upon-a-time.jpg. Accessed: 27.11.2019.
Syksy 2020
Source: https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/B5BE9301-B53F-4D48-94F20916EA6A3E4B_source.jpg?w=590&h=800&6346A9DF-F2EC-4DE1-BD5CFFE60F76930C. Accessed: 16.8.2019.
Source: Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/certain-personality-types-are-likely-to-make-a-foodie-call/. Published: 13.8.2019. Accessed: 16.8.2019.
Source: https://glacierhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Chimborazo-and-Fields-Near-Calshi.jpg. Accessed: 16.8.2019.
Source: Texas Tech University, College of Arts & Sciences. https://www.depts.ttu.edu/artsandsciences/podcast/audio/Sweet_Glacier_Mixdown_1.mp3. Accessed: 16.8.2019.
Source: https://asialinja.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/blockchain.jpg. Accessed: 20.8.2019.
Source: What is BLOCKCHAIN? The best explanation of blockchain technology. Lucas Mostazo. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xGLc-zz9cA. Published: 14.1.2018. Accessed: 20.8.2019.
Source: Queen – Spread Your Wings (Official Video). Queen Official. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyd6OLyhPJo. Published: 26.8.2008. Accessed: 3.6.2019.
Source: Katie Melua – The Bit That I Don’t Get. DramaticoMusic. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Utx8-sZt9iM. Published: 17.2.2012. Accessed: 3.6.2019.
Source: Alison Krauss & Union Station – Foolish Heart. BluegrassLibrary. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mb6-xg_Sm6I. Published: 13.8.2008. Accessed: 3.6.2019.
Source: Billy Joel – Get It Right the First Time (audio). Billy Joel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ccdC_EPih2E. Published: 22.3.2013. Accessed: 3.6.2019.
Source: https://butterfly-conservation.org/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2018-05/Painted%20Lady%20UPUR1_Ian%20H%20Leach.jpg. Accessed: 26.8.2019.
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/EMU_350403_at_Edinburgh_Waverley.jpg. Accessed: 25.8.2019.
Source: ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/hold-a-legal-and-meaningful-protest-127778. Published: 3.7.2019. Accessed: 16.8.2019.
Source: https://s-ec.bstatic.com/images/hotel/max1024x768/183/183998475.jpg. Accessed: 16.8.2019.
Source: https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/KXyr4ewAlFI3bDHq-V_QgkXNnY4=/0x0:4912×3264/920×613/filters:focal(1907×1110:2691×1894):format(webp)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/53859951/Beacon1Sidewalk.0.jpg. Accessed: 16.8.2019.
Source: https://stageandsound.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/small-stage.jpg. Accessed: 16.8.2019.
Source: https://image.freepik.com/free-photo/warehouse-stograge-with-stacked-boxes-rows_79295-10773.jpg. Accessed: 16.8.2019.
Source: https://realfood.tesco.com/recipes/eton-mess-semifreddo.html. Accessed: 10.5.2019.
Source: https://www.bbc.com/food/recipes/etonmess_81082. Accessed: 10.5.2019.
Source: https://www.eggs.ca/recipes/strawberry-pavlova. Accessed: 10.5.2019.
Source: Science Daily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181009114951.htm. Published: 8.10.2018. Accessed: 4.8.2019.
Source: https://fi.pinterest.com/proflovegroove/hilarious-headlines/. Accessed: 6.9.2019. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: https://fi.pinterest.com/pin/449797081504060803/?lp=true. Accessed: 6.9.2019. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: https://list25.com/25-unintentionally-funny-newspaper-headlines/3/. Accessed: 9.9.2019. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: https://fi.pinterest.com/pin/449797081504060803/?lp=true. Accessed: 6.9.2019. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: https://fi.pinterest.com/pin/449797081504060803/?lp=true. Accessed: 6.9.2019. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: https://bestlifeonline.com/funniest-newspaper-headlines-of-all-time/. Accessed: 6.9.2019. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: https://www.dailyedge.ie/best-newspaper-magazine-errors-939340-Jun2013/. Accessed: 9.9.2019. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/jul/22/mystery-of-chedworth-1800-year-old-roman-glass-shard-solved. Accessed: 16.9.2019. Adapted.
Source: https://www.olympic.org/tokyo-2020. Accessed: 16.6.2019.
Source: https://www.ippc.int/en/news/a-year-to-celebrate-plants-un-proclaims-2020-the-international-year-of-plant-health/. Accessed: 28.5.2019. Adaptation: YTL.
Source: https://www.britishcouncil.pk/sites/default/files/styles/bc-landscape-800×450/public/going_to_university_in_the_uk.jpg?itok=gcR9Haca. Accessed: 16.6.2019.
Source: https://www.penguinrandomhouseaudio.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/PRHA_StormyNight.jpg. Accessed: 16.6.2019.
Source: https://bramanswanderings.files.wordpress.com/2018/01/dark-1.jpg. Accessed: 16.6.2019.
Kevät 2020
Source: https://www.itv.com/news/central/2018-01-14/all-platforms-open-at-nottingham-station. Published: 14.1.2018. Accessed: 5.2.2019.
Source: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/36/0a/91/360a919a1a186b6be13a90afc5786ad1.jpg. Accessed: 15.11.2018.
Source: IDEA (International Dialects of English Archive). https://www.dialectsarchive.com/south-africa-50. Accessed: 15.11.2018.
Source: https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/BBfcc1g.jpg. Accessed: 28.1.2019.
Source: https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/allinthemind/carrots,-sticks-…-and-other-ways-to-motivate/10571878. Accessed: 28.1.2019.
Source: https://www.thesubath.com/pageassets/your-voice/representing_nationally/nus/NUS_CMYK.png. Accessed: 25.1.2019.
Source: National Union of Students (NUS). https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/nusdigital/document/documents/40947/02c4d3af825c7330fe1624ee2e83cd36/20180109_NUS_Sustainability_Skills_20162017_REPORT_FINAL.pdf. Accessed: 25.1.2019.
Source: https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/phobia/images/2/23/Television.jpeg. Accessed: 25.1.2019.
Source: Center for Scholars & Storytellers. https://www.scholarsandstorytellers.com/story-insights-blogs/2019/1/12/what-scared-you-as-a-child. Accessed: 25.1.2019.
Source: https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200w1200h/public/multimedia_images_2019/201901wr_eu_human_rights.jpg?itok=BUQAFB5m. Accessed: 28.1.2019.
Source: Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/european-union. Accessed: 28.1.2019.
Source: Edward St. Aubyn. Dunbar. 2017. p. 42. London: Penguin (adapted).
Source: https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/human-rights-update-future-climate-change-digital-internet-online-science-developments-robots-a8028911.html. Accessed: 22.3.2019. Shortened.
Source: Greg Douglas. The Guardian. Published: 28.8.2018. Adapted.
Source: https://www.savonsanomat.fi/kotimaa/Armeijaan-ei-oteta-mit%C3%A4tt%C3%B6m%C3%A4st%C3%A4-syyst%C3%A4/419773. Accessed: 6.3.2019.
Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/content/dam/archaeologyandhistory/rights-exempt/history-magazine/2017/03-04/julius-caesar-rubicon/caesar-opener.ngsversion.1489550508150.adapt.1900.1.jpg. Accessed: 6.3.2019.
Syksy 2019
- Breakfast Television – City. Mayor Tory is here! YouTube. https://www.bttoronto.ca/videos/mayor-tory-is-here/. Published 22.1.2018. Accessed 17.5.2018. Edited by YTL.
- 1. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-29/superannuation-report-says-retiree-nest-eggs-are-being-diluted/9809306 (15.9.2018). Image: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-29/australian-money-generic-100-dollar-notes/9810286 (15.9.2018).
- 2. http://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/batman-by-election-2018/ (15.9.2018).
- 3.–5. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-07/records-squashed-as-collector-hosts-sell-out-pumpkin-festival/9734588 (15.9.2018). Image: Michael Black / ABC Canberra. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-07/pumpkin-joe/9735268 (15.9.2018).
- Gillian Kelly, The Guardian, 19 January 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jan/19/grandmother-fracking-activist-protest-destructive-industry-landscape (15.9.2018).
- New Scientist, 22 March 2017. https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23331180-500-this-bird-has-flown-unravelling-the-mysteries-of-bird-migration/ (15.9.2018). Images: Encyclopedia Britannica. https://cdn.britannica.com/s:700×450/34/151634-004-6A01391C.jpg (15.9.2018). Birdguides. https://www.birdguides.com/gallery/birds/apus-apus/386196/ (15.9.2018).
- Debate.org. http://www.debate.org/opinions/are-children-the-property-of-their-parents (15.9.2018).
- https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2018/jan/17/how-to-make-a-smarter-cup-of-tea. (28.1.2018, adapted)
Kevät 2019
http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/wellness-fatigue (12.9.2017, adapted/shortened)
http://www.scotsman.com/future-scotland/tech/hemp-eyewear-designer-joins-accelerator-programme-at-ecci-1-4586229 (19.10.2017)
China Daily Asia Weekly, 27 May – 2 June 2016
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/life-space-may-not-need-planet (2.7.2018)
BBC History Magazine, December 2017 (adapted)
Syksy 2018
Kevät 2018
Bill Bryson, The Road to Little Dribbling, 2015
Richard Dawkins, Brief Candle in the Dark. More Reflections on a Life in Science. London, Bantam Press, 2015.
Kate Atkinson, A God in Ruins, 2015
The Economist, September 2016
dezeen.com (12.3.2017)
thebeaverton.com (5.1.2017)
sciencenews.org (12.3.2017)
Miamiherald.com (7.12.2015)
Dominic Sandbrook, BBC History Magazine, April 2016
Syksy 2017
Financial Times, 19 June 2015
The Economist, Intelligent Life, Sept/Oct 2015
National Geographic, August 2015
Psychologies Magazine, October 2015
The Oprah Magazine, August 2015
The Economist, Intelligent Life, Sept/Oct 2015
Harvard Business Review OnPoint, Fall 2015
http://news.nationalgeographic.com
http://www.tooveys.com (22.3.2015)
Time, 13 April 2015 (adapted)
http://www.stwulfrans.org.uk (25.3.2015)
Kevät 2017
The Oprah Magazine, May 2015
The Oprah Magazine, May 2015
Harvard Business Review On Point, Spring 2015
Country Living, May 2015
International New York Times, 23 April 2015
Psychologies Magazine, March 2015
The Guardian, 29 April 2015
Time, 19 January 2015 (adapted)
National Geographic, November 2014 (adapted)
Alan Borg, Strange Stories from the Tower of
London, London 1976 (adapted)
Syksy 2016
Time Dec 2014
Newsweek Dec 2014 (x2)
Country Living Jan 2015
National Geographic Dec 2014
The Wall Street Journal Nov 2014
nytimes.com Jan 2015
phys.org Jan 2015
psychologytoday.com Jan 2015
australianwildlife.org Jan 2015
theonion.com Jan 2015
Syksy 2015
National Geographic, May 2014 (x2)
The Oprah Magazine, May 2014 (x2)
Scientific American, May 2014
Country Living, June 2014
Harvard Business Review, May 2014
scientificamerican.com (July 30, 2014)
harvardmagazine.com (August 1, 2014)
bbc.com (August 1, 2014)
visitpitcairn.pn (July 31, 2014)
Kevät 2015
The Economist, November 30, 2013
American Scientist, Volume 101, 2013
The Economist, Intelligent Life, Sept/Oct 2013
The Simple Things, Issue 15, 2013
The Economist, September 21, 2013
Scotland’s Future: from the Referendum to Independence and a Written Constitution. The Scottish Government, scotland.gov.uk
Daily Express, 10 June 2013 (x2)
telegraph.co.uk, accessed 9 June 2013
chronicle.com, accessed 11 June 2013
Syksy 2014
Time, June 2013 (x3)
The Oprah Magazine, December 2012
National Geographic, January 2013
Psychologies Magazine, June 2013
National Geographic, April 2013
The Oprah Magazine, May 2013
NewScientist, 15 December 2012 (x2)
BBC History Magazine, Christmas 2012
Kevät 2014
National Geographic, August 2012
The Oprah Magazine, November 2012
The Economist, November 17, 2012
Scientific American, September 2012
National Geographic, September 2012
The Oprah Magazine, July 2012
Good Housekeeping, October 2012
The Economist, October 27, 2012
Newsweek, August 20, 2012
http://www.telegraph.co.uk (August 28, 2012)
Daily Mail, July 3, 2012
Syksy 2013
National Geographic, March 2012
Tonya Reiman, The Power of Body Language, 2007
Donna Leon, Beastly Things, 2012
Country Living, June 2012
NewScientist, November 2011
The Economist, November 2011
Scientific American Mind, May/June 2012
NewScientist, 5 May 2012 (x2)
Scientific American, February 2012
Kevät 2013
Real Simple, July 2011
National Geographic, July 2011
The Oprah Magazine, August 2011
Science Illustrated, August 2011
Scientific American, Spring 2012
The Economist, September 2011
Good Housekeeping, October 2011
sciencefocus.com (2011)(x2)
Discover Magazine: Evolution, 2011
Syksy 2012
The Oprah Magazine, February 2011
National Geographic, February 2011
Scientific American, February 2011
House and Garden, March 2011
Kate Morton, The Distant Hours, 2010
Psychology Today, February 2011 and August 2010
Archaeology, May 2011
BBC Science Focus, March 2011 (x2)
Time, April 2011
Kevät 2012
Source: Science Illustrated, November / December 2010
Source: Bill Bryson, Mother Tongue, 1991
Source: The Economist, July 8, 2010
Source: Real Simple, November 2010
Source: New Scientist, October 30, 2010
Source: Donna Leon, A Question of Belief, 2010
Source: National Geographic, August 2010
Source: BBC History Magazine, November 2010
Source: Scientific American Mind, May/June 2010
Syksy 2011
Source: The Seattle Times, 2008
Source: The Economist, September 2010
Source: The Oprah Magazine, September 2010 (x2)
Source: The Economist, 2010
Source: BBC History Magazine, May 2010
Source: Scientific American Mind, May/June 2010
Source: National Geographic, June 2008
Source: National Geographic, August 2010
Kevät 2011
Source: The Economist, March 12th, 2009
Source: The Economist, Oct. 15th, 2009
Source: Newsweek, Aug. 17th, 2009
Source: olive, December 2009
Syksy 2010
Source: Time, July 28th 2008
Source: Time, Feb 7th 2009
Source: The Economist, July 12th 2008
Source: BBC History Magazine, Oct. 2008
Source: Psychology Today, March/April 2009 (x2)
Source: Newsweek, Dec. 2007
Source: National Geographic, June 2008
Kevät 2010
Source: Time, July 17, 2008
Source: Newsweek, June 2, 2008
Source: The Economist, December 30, 2008
Source: The New York Times, December 28, 2008
Source: Scientific American Earth 3.0, 2008 (x2)